XOXO by EXO free essay sample

The 12-member boy group EXO has finally released their first full-length album, â€Å"XOXO.† It was certainly worth the year-long wait fans had to endure. Released in June, â€Å"XOXO† comes in two versions: the Kiss version (in Korean) and the Hug version (in Mandarin). A photobook with pictures of the group members comes with each edition. The 60 pages of yearbook-style snapshots fit with the albums high-school theme. The first track – also the most heavily promoted – is â€Å"Wolf,† a song with a powerful mix of dubstep and hip-hop in which each member gets a chance to showcase his vocal strengths. The only major flaw, other than a nasally chant of â€Å"ah, sarangheyo† (â€Å"ah, I love you†) in the chorus, is the English. Because there is no â€Å"wo† sound in Korean, the word â€Å"wolf† sounds like â€Å"oolf.† In addition, the English lyrics are a little unusual, with one line translating to â€Å"Ill take you in one mouthful like cheese. We will write a custom essay sample on XOXO by EXO or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † The strongest part of the song makes up for it, however. In the chorus, band members Baekhyun and Chen seamlessly blend their voices as they hit an outstanding high note which is sure to give listeners chills. I think â€Å"My Lady† is the greatest track on the album, with outstanding instrumentals, powerful vocals, and a smooth rap section in the middle. â€Å"Baby, Dont Cry,† however, proves to be the best showcase for the singers talents. Tracks that arent stand-outs include â€Å"Baby† and â€Å"Dont Go,† which have generic slow pop tempos and light vocals. Other noteworthy tracks are â€Å"Black Pearl,† with an undertone of dubstep and explosive rapping and singing; â€Å"3.6.5,† a light and cheery song that will keep people bopping; and â€Å"Let Out the Beast,† which doesnt leave listeners behind during its rapid verses. Within the first week of its release, â€Å"XOXO† sold 300,000 copies around the world. The group won their first award on the music show â€Å"Music Bank† with â€Å"Wolf,† and continued to win three others. When they released the repackaged version of the album in August, the new promoted track â€Å"Growl† won 14 consecutive music show awards. Despite debuting a year ago, EXO has climbed to record-breaking heights that show they will be staying in the business for years to come. Youll find them growling through your headphones and into your heart if you decide to give this wonderful album a listen.

Compare and Contrast the Characters of Rochester and St John Rivers Essays

Compare and Contrast the Characters of Rochester and St John Rivers Essays Compare and Contrast the Characters of Rochester and St John Rivers Paper Compare and Contrast the Characters of Rochester and St John Rivers Paper Essay Topic: Literature Edward Rochester and St. John Rivers are both extremely interesting characters. They have deep personalities so that it requires some thought to fully understand their actions. They can both do the same thing, under the same circumstances, with different motivations and in different ways. Rochester was born into a wealthy family, of high rank. The Rivers name was also well spoken of and highly respected. Both men had highly intellectual minds which they sought to cultivate and nurture. Each, in their own way, thought themselves superior over other people. Rochester bluntly behaved in a proud manner, whereas St. John quietly held himself above others Rochester is an unkempt bachelor, owner of several estates. He is a globetrotter who rarely stays in one place long. He has a tendency to be loud and demanding. St. John Rivers is a handsome and well-kept minister in a small town who feels called to work as a missionary in India. He is quiet, if he says anything it is to the point and very clear. He is studious and very active in his parish. Rochester seems to go about doing things fairly spontaneously and very boldly, in an abrupt and selfish manner, without much thought as to religion. St. John does everything very quietly in a well-planned way, under the pretence of religion and his calling. Everything that he does is said to be done for the benefit of his mission. Mr. Rochesters ways were manipulative and leading at times and St John appeared to be on the exterior a saint compared to him, but in reality, St. John never had the inclination or will to learn from his mistakes the way Mr. Rochester did and he never would admit to his wrongdoings. He justified himself by words from the Bible which he used out of context at times when it suited his case: No fear of death will darken St. Johns last hour, his mind will be unclouded, his heart will be undaunted, his hope will be sure, his faith will be steadfast. His own words are a pledge of this. It is right to say that both Rochester and St. John shape Janes life in some way or another. They are both very strong male models in her life who teach her things about herself that she didnt know. The similarity that appears to be the most obvious is how they acted towards Jane. They both were extremely selfish about how they treated her and neither of them showed much, if any, compassion for her feelings. We meet Mr. Rochester first when Jane is on her way to Thornfield and he has an accident on his horse. Jane feels quite comfortable lending her shoulder to help the stranger, (which she eventually does for the rest of his life), as she does not find him attractive and therefore not in the slightest intimidating. Had he been a handsome, heroic-looking young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand and question him against his will, and offering my services unasked. He proves to be a very abrupt and mysterious employer, who talks to Jane about his mistresses, telling her he needs her to reform him. Mr. Rochester played with Janes mind and emotions, to find out if she was really in love with him. He was manipulative, selfish, and deceitful. He had a wife, but he wanted Jane so badly he was willing to do what ever it took to get her. Mr. Rochester loved her, but it had to do with desire, not life-long love. In contrast to her first meeting with Rochester when she was the one giving assistance, it is Jane who is weak and in need of the help Rivers provides when she first meets him, after running away from Rochester. St. John is an attractive man who proves to be singularly unromantic when he wishes for Jane to give up any plans that she may have and marry him and go to India to help him in the mission field. St. John singled Jane out because he respected her self-sacrificing nature, after she shared her inheritance. He does not care that Jane has no feelings for him, or that she does not want to marry him, he says that love does not matter, that it is Janes calling to come with him to India as his wife; telling her: You were not made for love, but labour. He informed her it was Gods will that she come, and against what he stood for, used the Bible and prayer to try and manipulate Jane into going. Janes first description of Rochester makes an interesting use of the concept of squareness. She describes him as having a square forehead, made squarer by the horizontal sweep of his black hair. Then I perceived harmonised in squareness with his physiognomy. She perceives his nose to be a, decisive nose more remarkable for character than beauty, which very much sums up Mr. Rochester as a person because he is not an attractive man, very grim but under his ugly outer layer he has a remarkable character. However, Rochester is not just a realistic character, he is also symbolic of the part of Jane that is fiery and passionate, rather than icy and self-controlled, and as such he is St John Rivers opposite. They look and act like opposites; Rochester is heavy and dark, whereas St John is handsome and fair; Rochester is a man of passion and fire, whereas St John is ambitious, hard and cold. Where Rochester brings Jane alive, she finds St Johns passion quite deadly. Unlike Rochester, St John is not a sympathetic character, but he is still fairly reliable he is quite honest about his limitations and convincing. St. John, a strict Clergyman, lives up to the principles advocated by the Evangelical school proprietor, Mr Brocklehurst. St John is marble to Brocklehursts black pillar. St John is ruthlessly moral, to the point of using the Bible in his manipulations, but unlike Brocklehurst, not a hypocrite. St. John always acts consistently but unnaturally, as suggested by the fact that he will not follow his nature and marry the woman he loves. Both men represent one half of Janes personality and character and St John symbolises that side of Janes character which wishes to conform, to obey the rules and suppress her instincts. However, Jane recognizes that if she accepts him as her husband she will be crushed, she will lose her identity just as surely as if she had become Rochesters mistress and this is why she runs away from St John, back to Thornfield. Both men proposed to Jane knowing that they couldnt really marry her. St. John was related to her, although this was not a huge problem, but he did not love her like a man should love his wife, because he was in love with Miss Oliver. Rochester knew he could not marry Jane because he already had a wife. They both promised Jane things but could not see their mistakes. This led to Jane running away on both occasions. Their view of marriage was also distorted. Rochester, although he loved intensely and with much passion, had an immoral love. He didnt honour the covenant of marriage. St. John didnt love at all and yet he wanted to enter into the covenant of marriage. He held marriage in a higher manner than Rochester did, but then there was still the issue of love that plagued St. John. Rochester and St. John both used manipulation to try to get what they wanted. When Jane comes back to Mr. Rochester, she finds a transformed man who has been charred and scorched by the fire of Thornfield. After his wifes death and his own disfigurement, his character has undergone a major change and we see him in a penitent mood at the end of the chapter. His stiff-necked rebellion has been humbled and subdued. His arrogance has given way to humility. His pride in his strength has been softened. In his own words he has turned to God and asks Him to give him the strength to lead henceforth a purer life than he has led so far. In the creation of the characters of Mr. Rochester and St. John, Charlotte Bronte uses a dark and light comparison to show that a persons appearance does not always match their character. When looking at St. Johns appearance, you see the ideal, fair-complexioned man. He is gorgeous, tall, decently-dressed, and a parson. Then when you compare that to Mr. Rochester, you find they are the direct opposites. Mr. Rochester has, as Bronte says, a dark face, with stern features and a heavy brow; he is plain, outspoken, and very worldly. When they are compared and contrasted, they are like, as Mr. Rochester says, Apollo and a Vulcan. In Brontes comparison Mr. Rochester was the dark, selfish and manipulative character who completely wronged Jane. St. John was the light character who was the man of God, saving Jane from death and taking care of her. We find out that he was also selfish and manipulative but unlike Mr. Rochester, he was not willing to change and admit he was wrong. In the end Mr. Rochester was the hero, and in personality, he turned out to be the light character by repenting his sins and changing. Bronte showed through her comparisons the age-old lesson of not judging someone by his appearance. Both men had great spiritual problems in their lives; Rochester putting himself and his own happiness above obedience to God and St John putting himself in Gods place, declaring that his will was also the will of God and giving himself great power in stating this. Their lives ended quite differently but both men seemed to have made peace with God. Rochesters life ended very happily for him after all things worked out for his own good, even all his physical ailments. The final passage in the novel are devoted to St John, who never married and Jane cries when she thinks how his path has led to death, in contrast to her own which has led to life-giving happiness.

Analyse and research a complete full length documentary film (from the Essay

Analyse and research a complete full length documentary film (from the list); be sure to cite specific examples from within the film - at least two major scenes should be analysed in detail - Essay Example In this film, Morris deviates from the usual features of a documentary and uses a non-narrator approach and a dramatic technique, so that he can depict the thin blue line between appearance and truth, a line that can either result to justice or injustice. Morris diverges from the usual norms of documentary films and follows an expressionistic rendering of the testimonies. First, in this film, a clear narrator does not exist, and instead, Morris relies on his viewers to digest the testimonies fed to them, so that they can ascertain the truth. He prefers to call his film a â€Å"non-fiction feature† than a documentary (Hunter 1995, p.65). The viewers become the narrator, because they have to sift through the material of testimonies provided to them (Hunter 1995, p.65). Chapman (2009) believes that this self-reflective nature of the film helps viewers to find the truth (p.p.24). Second, the film is constructed using dramatic techniques. Williams (1998) asserts that Morris abandoned â€Å"cinema verità © realism† for â€Å"studied, often slow-motion, and highly expressionistic re-enactments of different witnesses’ versions of the murder† (p.383). These re-enactments define the difference between the truth and biases. The editing and sequencing, using cuts and diverse symbolic items, such as newspaper clippings, the Dallas map, â€Å"Voluntary Statement† and the TV schedule, depict meaning through what these objects mean and how people use them to attain their purposes. When Adams signs the â€Å"Voluntary Statement,† he believes he offered the truth. For the homicide detectives, this statement, however, becomes a confession for his crime. Ponech (2005) believes that the map stands for the inability of Adams to understand the corruption of the justice system (p.85). The map stands for the irony of being lost in a society, where deception and scapegoating undercut

In what ways did industrialization create new opportunities for women Essay - 1

In what ways did industrialization create new opportunities for women How and why were these opportunities limited - Essay Example portunities increased for women in terms of domestic manufacturing, employment opportunities for women started to decline from the 1880s until after the Second World War as the employment opportunities became related to the stagnating textile industry. Agriculture, domestic services, and manufacturing had started to contract in this phase. Change of the industry’s structure toward such heavy industries as metallurgy, machines, and mining signified a decrease in the work for married women workers. Although the government was not controlled by socialism until the 1917 Russian revolution, yet many governments were forced to target the industrial society’s abuses, as a result of which the parliament prohibited women’s underground employment e.g. â€Å"many women had worked in coal mines as "drawers" in which they pulled carts of coal from the mines with straps attached to their shoulders† (â€Å"The Industrial Revolution†). By 1914, certain new protest outlets including feminism and new work roles emerged for women. New standards and ideas brought important changes in the home (Stearns et

PUBLIC LAW Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PUBLIC LAW - Case Study Example So Rob had no chance of getting a lawyer on Sunday when the courts were also closed. Even if the courts were closed on Sunday, Rob had the option of getting a lawyer on Sunday as there are lawyers who are accessible 24/7. Thus, the issue is volatile not only for Rob but also the Officer Clegg. By denying Rob his right to approach a lawyer on the same night and by coercing him into accompanying him to the police station to get back the keys Clegg had confiscated from Rob, the Officer had put his own position on par with Rob. Further, Clegg continued to keep Rob in detention the whole of Saturday night after assuring Rob that he would be released in a matter of few hours and then extending the detention up to Monday when the courts opened. Rob was charged with possession of controlled drug on Saturday night at 10.30 pm and kept in custody until Monday so that the police could take him to the court. Police officer Clegg told Rob that he did not trust Rob, and consequently he kept Rob in custody until the court decided what to do with Rob. However, the manner in which Officer Clegg took Rob into custody is debatable. At first he confiscated Rob's key ring saying it was dangerous because of its sharpened edges. At the police station, Clegg took Rob to the front desk and put him straight in a cell saying he was just going to fill in some paperwork and be back shortly. When Rob again asked for a solicitor, Clegg told him that he would not need a solicitor since that would mean waiting all night. However, early next morning at 6.00 am, Clegg tells Rob that he was being charged with possession of a controlled drug that would require him to appear before the Magistrate on Monday morning. Basically, Officer Clegg had good reason to take Rob into custody. However, the manner in which it was done raises eyebrows. Rob has been nervous. He should not have confessed to the officer that the cannabis found on the road was his. He should have stuck to his rights to consult his lawyer before saying anything and kept his mouth shut. By confessing the cannabis as his, he has given the police a bigger reason to arrest him and put him on trial (Dirga, Eric J, 2002). In the circumstances, Rob has weakened his own defense. There is no mention of the amount of cannabis he was carrying. If he has been carrying a higher amount of cannabis that is above 28 grams, he could be prosecuted on charges of trafficking drugs. "the penalties for drug crimes range from very severe to probation and classes or a treatment program. Charges are generally based upon quantity, intent to sell or distribute and other factors such as weapons possession or use, evidence of sales activity, having large amounts of money, etc. The seriousness and ultimate punishment for drug crimes normally depends upon the quantity of the drug, the classification under the drug schedule, and the purpose of the possession (for personal use or for sale)" (Robert Miller & Associates, 2010). Apparently, Rob is a known offender and Officer Clegg is obviously under the impression Rob does not deserve to be dealt with

Natural Resources In Nigeria Environmental Sciences Essay

Natural Resources In Nigeria Environmental Sciences Essay The oil rich Nigerian economy, long limping by political unstability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic performance management, is undergo sufficiently substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigerias former military rulers failed to diversifying the economy away from overdependence on the capital intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues in the country. The large subsistence agricultural sector have failed to keeping up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food to support their satisfy needs. Following the signing of an IMF stand by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion loan from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Increases in foreign investment and oil production combined with high world oil prices should push growth over 4% in 2001 and 2002. GDP: purchasing power parity $117 billion (2000 est.) GDP real growth rate: 3.5% (2000 est.) GDP per capita: purchasing power parity $950 (2000 est.) GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 40% industry: 40% services: 20% (1999 est.) Population below poverty line: 45% (2000 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.6% highest 10%: 40.8% (1996 and 1997) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.5% (2000 est.) Labor force: 66 million (1999 est.) Labor force by occupation: agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.) Unemployment rate: 28% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $3.4 billion expenditures: $3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) Industries that implemented in Nigeria: crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel Industrial production growth rate: 1.5% (2000 est.) Electricity for production: 18.7 billion kWh (1999) Electricity for the production by source: fossil fuel: 52.94% hydro: 47.06% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) Consumption of Electricity : 17.372 billion kWh (1999) Export of Electricity: 19 million kWh (1999) Electricity imports: 0 kWh (1999) Products of Agriculture: cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish Exports: $22.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) Exports commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber Exports partners: US 36%, India 9%, Spain 8%, Brazil 6%, France 6%, (1999) Imports: $10.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) Imports commodities: machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals Imports partners: UK 11%, Germany 10%, US 9%, France 8%, China 6% (1999) Debt external: $32 billion (2000 est.) Economic aid recipient: ODA $250 million (1998) Currency: naira (NGN) Currency code: NGN Exchange rates: nairas per US dollar 110.005 (January 2001), 101.697 (2000), 92.338 (1999), 21.886 (1998), 21.886 (1997), 21.884 (1996) AGRICULTURE Currently, several activities are become implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources and Rural Development In Nigeria with in under planning of water supply, sustainable food production, and rural development. These include several plans : Formulation of the Irrigation Policy for Nigeria, its Formal irrigation started in Nigeria 21 years ago. However, a National policy on irrigation have not been produced again. This situation was become corrected by the preparation of an irrigation policy for the Nigeria country Surface and Groundwater Monitoring Under the National Fatima Development Programme: The main objective is to monitor and analyses the effect of groundwater exploitation for irrigation on flood plains in the semi-arid areas of the country in order to design effective and sustainable exploitation regimes for the various aquifers encountered. Work started in five pilot States in 1995 and is scheduled to be completed by September, 1997.This planning will also seek to ascertain the pollution potentials of the saturated groundwater zone due to the irrigation activities in the project area. The study, which will ultimately assist in the design of the groundwater exploitation plan for the project area is expected to be completed by the end of 1998. Survey and Inventory of Irrigation Projects in Nigeria: The aim is to obtain up to date information on irrigation development in Nigeria. It involves the collection, collation, compilation, and classification of irrigation projects in the country. The Government Of Nigeria, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources has embarked on a number of programmes aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development. The programmes and their associated activities are: 1. Agricultural Land Resource Programme: The objectives of this programme are to select suitable lands for the production of specific that can increase crops through soil survey and land evaluation. 2. National Seed Service (NSS) Programme: The objective of this programme is to produce high quality crops for Nigerian farmers within a commercial environment of sound certification and quality control and to sell high output quality seeds and seedlings of selected arable tree crops, namely oil palm, rubber, cotton, groundnut, soybeans, gum arabic, etc. Over 2,460 kg of foundation seeds have been produced by the project for Research Institutes and out growers respectively. 3. Agricultural Finance Programmes: This is another programme whose objective is to provide loans and credits to small scale farmers. This is done through some agricultural oriented financial institutions such as the Nigerian Agricultural Co-operative Bank (NACB), the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS), and the Farmers Credit Scheme (FCS). Farmers have been supported financially through this programme for the purpose of increasing crop production. 4. Establishment of the Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit (FACU): This Unit is primarily responsible for the provision of planning and implementation support to the activities of the ADP in the country. 5. The National Agricultural Research Project (NARP): This Planning was set up to strengthen the countrys agricultural research system and ensure availability of food through adequate domestic production in the country. Within the network of Agricultural Research Institutions, five handle food crops, three are for livestock; one (NSPRI) completes research on storage of agricultural and food products; while three handle mechanization research including the design, fabrication, and servicing of food processing machines. The impact of the NARP in boosting food production has not been sufficiently realized perhaps due to lack of adequate support and ineffective programme coordination. With recent reorganization and assured funding, NARP is expected to increase food production during the next decade. 6. The Strategic Reserve Scheme: At its second inception, the objective of this Scheme is to undertake the storage of excess grains during the harvest for release when prices are high in the market. This stabilizes the price and makes grains available all year round. 7. Establishment of the National Agricultural Land Development Authority (NALDA): The Governments main objective in establishing NALDA is to transform rural peasantry by mobilizing human resources and other support services to open up new lands for increased food production. The Authority has embarked on some activities (bush clearing, land preparation, farm infrastructure development, soil conservation and environmental issues, soil survey, evaluation, soil testing and capacity) to provide baseline data for agricultural related activities and advisory services to agricultural land users. The NALDA 1997 work plan proposes to open up more enclave farming communities during the operating season and will focus on land development in cooperation with the Agricultural Land Resource, Forestry, Department of Agriculture, and Agricultural Cooperative. FRESH WATER Nigeria have given high priority to its freshwater resources due to the growing concern at the increasing stress on water supplies caused by poor use patterns, affecting both water quality and quantity. Futher more, the Government through the Ministry of Water Resources and Rural Development, in Nigeria was undertaking a number of planning designed to protect the quality and supply of freshwater resources in the country to avoid some pollution.   In these cases, The low lying, flood prone areas near rivers that become of water resources and streams and in inland areas also will be attention from the Ministry. The twin problems of soil erosion and flood control are addressed through the Department of Soil Erosion and Flood Control. The agency was created in 1991 to oversee the mitigate these problems and the improvement area of devastated lands. The Federal Ministry of Water Resources and Rural Development responsibility to handles inland erosion and flooding, and the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing is responsible for marine flood control and erosion problems. Legislation and Regulations   For the the Integrated Water Resources Development and Management programme area, the Ministry has prepared the Water Resources Decree 101 of 1993 to give the legal framework for the development of the water resources in the country of Nigeria. The Decree places ultimate to responsibility for the proper development of the water resources on the Ministry of Water Resources and Rural Development in the country. Strategies, Policies and Plans  Ã‚   To the Integrated Water Resources Development and Management planning area, the government of Nigeria have prepared the Nations Water Resources Master Plan for the 1995-2020 period which was completed with the technical assistance of the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) between 1992 and 1995 for the development in Nations water resources. If we can see in the past, the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation sub sector was totally not coordinated. At the same time, various methods and equipment were used with little or no thought given to the sustainability of the systems nor the ability of the benefit communities to operate and maintain them overall. The Strategy and Action Plan direction standards for the methods and equipment to be used to action. Policy of national water supply is completed and approved at the National Council on Water Resources and Rural Development meeting at Kaduna in November 1995 discuss about the sustainability of water. It provides the guidelines and direction towards development for water supply development up to the year 2015 become reality. One of the main problems is Flooding in one form or other affects at least more than 20% of the nations population, its faced both urban residents and rural dwellers. Flooding is a threat to physical infrastructures in the area, including residential accommodation, commercial, and industrial properties, roads, rail lines, bridges and so on. It also believed destroys all farmlands in Nigeria, including standing crops that is important for the farmer. Losses due to flooding run into billions of Naira per year and cost to improve its always increasingly. The future plans of Nigeria to achieve effective management of urban, river, and coastal flooding include a) Enforce compliance with town planning,urban laws,edicts b) Build embankments and levies along rivers and coastlines prone to flooding. c) Establish a rainstorm early warning system its can be remainder to community. d) Establish and monitor weather stations, and river and tidal gauges. e) Ensure appropriate management and maintenance of dams. f) Ensure proper maintenance of existing drainage channels. g) Enforce environmental sanitation laws in Nigeria. Other invasive weeds mostly can give effect to waterways. Currently hamper normal economic activities in reverie areas where the spread of the weeds have been exist and can block waterways. They also impend free river communication on waterways, and above all, the spread of the weed obstructs fishing activities and destroyed water quality. Nigerias future plans and strategy to eliminate the water hyacinth that can give pollution and other invasive plants in all water systems is to: a) Inventory the spread of water hyacinth and other invasive weeds in all the river systems; b) Develop an infestation index map to determine control options; e) adopt an appropriate integrated control option to ensure that the weeds are no longer a menace; and f) encourage sub-regional cooperation. Approval is pending for the study of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources with Particular Reference to Flood Susceptible and Drought Prone Areas. This project has been submitted to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for their participation. GEMS or Water Nigeria is a important component of the Global Environmental Monitoring System with the overall objective of monitoring the quality of freshwater supply throughout in Nigeria. The programme is support by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It can be monitors some water parameters and provides information on the suitability usage of water for human routine consumption, agricultural, commercial in business, and industrial uses. Several of the activities under the planning focus on a) Strengthening National water quality monitoring in Nigeria; b) Improve analytical capabilities and data quality assured; c) Addressing critical freshwater quality issues in order to propose policy options and control measures for the development and d) Assisting participating laboratories by the provision of technical advice, analytical reference samples, and training opportunities. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) is coordinating the programme within the country. Participating several agencies include the National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR), New Busa and the National Water Resources Institute (NWRI), Kaduna. A network of stations on rivers, lakes, and reservoirs has been established with instrumentation for the purpose of collecting samples for analysis and development in treatment water quality. FORESTS In term of natural resources in forests, Effective mechanisms are being developed to harmonize cross sectoral policies related to forestry for example the famous forestry is, environment, agriculture, livestock, fishery and so on. Presently, the National Forest Policy is being reviewed under the aegis of the recently created Ministry of Environment. The Federal Department of Agricultural Land Resources (FDALR) is currently, on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), articulating Agricultural Land Use and Practices Policy for the improvement in the country for development areas in Nigeria. Legislation and Regulations   There is no Land Use Policy in the country. There is however, a Land Use Act. States are being encourage to derive their legislation from the national framework made by government. A national forest and wildlife law is being developed and implemented with the involvement of all stakeholders in the country. There is have no forest certification practice in the country. However, we can see that public involvement on forest certification is being articulation in the proposed revised policy which will encourage private sector and NGO participation in the public involvement. It is become proposed that a National Working Group (NWG) on Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) and certification be set up to finalize the criteria or indicators for development Sustainable Forest Management in the country. The activities that implemented promote the use of forest products in place of products made of non renewable materials: Impose low tariff on wood products Impose for the Reasonable pricing of wood products Must Under valuation of forest products Impose High cost of non-renewable materials especially energy Value system and traditional beliefs preference in taste for food or delicacy prepared with fuelwood. Strategies, Policies and Plans  Ã‚   Nigeria started implemented the National Forestry Action Plan (NFAP) in around 1990 with the assistance joint of FAO and a grant of US $690,000 from UNDP. At the same time, to ensure the greatest commitment and supporting at the highest and at all levels of Government in Nigeria, the National Advisory Council that assisted by a National Technical Committee, was become inaugurate generally in 1994. The project was concluded in 1995 and the final NFAP report has been submitted. The next stage is to use the report to canvass for international funding from donors to implement the action plans made by government. The annual rate of deforestation in Nigeria is of major concern and a viable option to mitigating this is through implementation and made enforcement of sound Forest Policy in Nigeria. Towards achieve this objective , the country is in the process of review her 1988 Forest Policy. Also being prepared is Environmental Guidelines on Logging and Fuelwood Extraction in Nigeria. It is hoped that when these two instruments are enforced Nigeria would achieve attain sustainable development in economic and utilization of her natural forest resources. A workshop in agricultural land use and become practices have been conducted and proceedings printed to implementation. Sectoral meetings have been held to articulate and review key areas to be addressed in the policy that implemented. This area are now become subjected to further deliberations with a view to synthesizing the issues that can form the main instrument of the policy. Its will be later reviewed by the Legal Unit before as a whole package is developed for further deliberation and enactment by the National Assembly to become process. As Presently, the country have different policies within sub sectors of agriculture and the environment involved in land use in Nigeria. There is need for integrated planning and management of all rural development programmes there. This will be reduce conflicts and guarantee better resources use. At the same time, some international organizations include the FAO, World Bank (IMF) , UNDP, ADB, DFID (ODA), Ford Foundation, for example, strategies have been formulated and developed for effective and efficient in sustainable management of a number of forest reserves in Nigeria. In recognition of the changing strategy for natural resources management, the national forest and wildlife policy is become reviewed to make its implementation more efficient and to be better respond to emerging issues in forest sustainability development in the area. The review also towards supporting, the productivity of small holder farmers and to improve access to credit and other inputs that needs. The strategy to achieve the target of 25% of the land area as forest is to: Impose to Ban the export of log wood until the 25% reserve forest cover is achieved; Provide a policy and institutional framework favorable for private investment in trees and forest resource management; Effort to Increasing community participation in forest management and utilization in the country. Establish sum of total of 15 million ha of plantation for various purposes such as shelterbelts, watershed conservation, forest fruit trees, Gum Arabic. Promote agro forestry with multi purpose tree species to diversify farm produce and improve the soil environment; Encourage private sector industrial plantations especially in already degraded forest estates; Adoption protection forestry development strategies which includes shelterbelt establishment, afforestation of eroded sites, stabilization of sand dunes. Promote community woodlots which could include forest fruit trees as whole and fuel wood plantations Improve efficiency of the use of fuel wood Manufacture affordable bio-mass stoves; Developed alternative sources of energy such as solar energy for good environment Effort to support research into conservation and improvement of soil, genetic resources, silviculture, utilization of forest products, agro forestry, wildlife, and afforestation of difficult sites To Support human resources development in the country. It is proved that Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) contributed development substantially to the rural economy and hence strategies are being developed for the achievement of high potential NTFPs in each ecological area of the country. Its no compensate is provided for forest owners who market environmental benefits to the society generally. Incentives will be given to provided to enable them to manage their forest more better and sustainably, at the same time to facilitating their access for the improved tree seeds in their communities. LAND The policy objectives that implemented and mandate of the Nigerian Department of Agricultural Land Resources, established in 1980, have been refocused since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) to cover sound planning and management of land resources consistent with the provisions of Agenda 21. This planning become more importance to manage resources of land correctly and efficient. Erosion is a continuous process. Once started, there is urgent need to stabilize all existing erosion sites to stem the rate of soil degradation and loss of lands, forest resources, and property. In addition, there is a need to restore all those badlands and gullies that are amenable to restoration. The Nigerian strategy is to overcome this problems is a) Prepare and implemented a comprehensive National policy on soil, coastal erosion, and flood control in the country b) Formulate and to enforcing regulations for soil and water conservation especially in erosion prone areas that identify. c) Try to Complete National watershed delineation and characterization for use as a basic for developing and implemented an aggressive management and enforcement programme to protect and maintain the quality of the nations area lands, water, and coastal resources in all areas in Nigeria. d) Prepare a intermittent master plan for the importance management of soil and coastline erosion and flood, and giving advise the Federal Government on the financial requirements for plan implementation. e) Complete possibility and scientific studies on soil erosion and its related flood problems for the design of appropriate integrated recovery control measures. f) Complete public awareness campaigns on the dangers of environmental degradation arising from poor land and water management practices. g) Provide and promote training on environmental issues as they relate to flood, erosion, land degradation, and water conservation. h) Promote integrated ecosystem management for agriculture, land use, soil and water conservation, rural development, and coastal resources management including environmentally sound recreational use. i) Consolidate National capacity by personnel development, provision of training facilities and research on prevention climate related ecological problems in ecosystem. j) Consolidate capacity of the Environmental Management Support System (EMSS) for remote sensing data gathering, GIS facilities, and development of a disaster/environmental data bank. k) Effort to Support agro forestry and integrated coastal zone management. l) Encourage planted fallow in abandoned farmlands using soil enriching species. Its associated activities are a source of considerable environmental damage to surface water, groundwater, and land. Health and safety risks are also considerable for people working in mines or living close by. The resulting deterioration of the environment and human health, are seen in existing mining wastelands all over the country, especially in the Middle Belt States, including Plateau, Bauchi, Niger, as well as Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, and Enugu. The degradation of the natural environment has a negative effect on the long term growth potential of the country, even though immediate economic benefits are being derived by individual enterprises. It is important, therefore, that all approvals to initiate mining should be carried out in an environmentally sound manner, so as to minimize negative impacts. In addition, all abandoned and closed mining sites should be reclaimed. The strategy to achieve this involves: a) Developing an inventory of all existing and closed mining sites; b) Enforcing compliance regulation with all National Mining Laws and Regulations, especially the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law, the Safety Code and Accident Prevention Regulations that must be implemented c) Enforcing mining wasteland reclamation measures for closed mining sites. d) Providing financial incentives to helps and encourage the reclamation of abandoned mining sites. e) Encourage public participation in community through dialogue with affected communities and other directly interested parties on the environmental aspects of different phases of mining activities in the country. f) Adopting environmental sound mining technology and practices in all phases of mining activities, especially appropriate technologies to reduced environmental impacts, including those from small scale mining operations in the area. g) Building capacity in environmental management in the mining industry. Soils in Nigeria are variable due to variations in the geology and climate. Most predominant in the country are the utisols which cover about 46% of the total area of the country in Nigeria. Such soil performs very well under good planning and management though it is of moderate to low productivity in income of production. When we analysis Only 6% of the country is covered by entisol, the high productive soil in the all areas. Nigeria have been category into eight Land Resource Zones, namely semi arid, dry sub humid, subhumid, humid, very humid, ultra humid, plateau, and mountain zones. Among them if we can see, if not all of this ecological fields have witnessed pressure resulting from uncontrolled in socioeconomic activities leaving a large proportion of the land parched in Nigeria . From perspective ecological and economic standpoints, soil erosion is probably the most serious give environmental problem and its can be affecting negative effect on the nations soil and land resources in Nigeria.

Albert Einstein :: essays research papers

What I find most admirable about Albert Einstein is the way he thought up his theories and had the ability to conduct experiments on them. By doing this, he answered many questions of the scientific realm of the world. Some of the traits I admire are: 1. A trait I admire is his curiosity because he always wanted to find out how things worked. When he was five years old his father gave him a compass. It was a mystery to him. He wanted to know why the arrow always pointed north. His father explained magnetism to him, but that explanation didn't make the invisible power less mysterious. When he was older, he learned more about magnets. He knew that the earth's magnetic field made the needle point north. Since I am also very curious about how things work, this trait is one that I definitely share with him. Another trait that I admire is that he was a friendly teacher with a sense of humor, and that is what his students liked about him. In 1909 Albert was offered a position as an associate professor at the University of Zurich. His friendliness and sense of humor made him popular with his students even though they thought he was a little strange. How did they think he was strange? Well, on his first day of class he came dressed in pants that were too short and he had his notes on a single scrap of paper. But after talking for a few minutes, his students knew that they had a very special teacher. He cared about physics and about his students. He enjoyed talking to his students and would interrupt his own work just to help them. He was always welcoming questions and often invited his students to a local cafe or his home to continue classroom discussions I found that teachers I had in the past who were friendly made learning more interesting. Another trait was that he was good at math. Albert didn't care for school. The only subject he did like was math because figuring out problems was easy and fun for him. His uncle introduced him to algebra when he was eleven years old because he knew Albert enjoyed working with numbers. Albert was so good at algebra that he was soon ready for an advanced type of math. At twelve years old, Alberts friend, Max Talmud gave him a book on geometry. The book captured his imagination and opened up a whole new world of logic. He considered geometry as a kind of miracle, like the compass. He had no trouble going through the book and solving all the problems. He soon taught himself the more advanced form of math called calculus.

Young children learn problem solving though playing

Peoples frequently think that drama is merely drama. Children merely drama and they will non larn anything when they play. The existent fact is that kids are larning when they are playing. Children merely know what drama is as this is a self-generated act. Children do non necessitate to learn how to play but they must be guided when they play in order to accomplish the acquisition nonsubjective. Most surveies have portrayed drama as an activity, which has a important positive impact on kids ‘s development such as ( Bruner 1990 ) . Garvey ( 1977 ) gave a utile description of drama for instructors when she described drama as unique to the kids and grownup should non transfuse their constructs into it and seek to direct the drama activity. Play should be child initiated with the facilitation from the grownup to widen and spread out. Play, both directed and adrift, is a critical in the development of larning for immature kids. Harmonizing to Bloom ( 1964 ) , play influences rational development ( Isenberg & A ; Jalongo 1997 ) . And drama helps kids to larn new constructs, to advance, promote kids ‘s problem-solving accomplishments in a natural, fun manner. Many early childhood pedagogues have recognised the fact that drama is the most effectual and powerful ways for immature kids to larn. Dewey ( 1916, 1938 ) believed that kids learn about themselves and their universe through drama ( citied in Joan P. Isenberg & A ; Mary Renck Jalongo, 1997 ) . With concrete stuffs, chances, meaningful first manus experiences would let kids to derive new understanding during drama. As drama is a cosmopolitan activity, kids know how to play and they do non necessitate to be taught. It is drama that influences kids ‘s acquisition and their development. Play aid kids to develop physically, cognitively, emotionally every bit good as societal accomplishments which they will necessitate in their later in life in order to populate independently. We all know that kids ‘s â€Å" occupation † is to play, as kids play, they learn about themselves and others around the universe, intensifying their apprehension and edifice on their familiar cogn ition. Both theory and research supports such a relationship ( Erikson, 1963 ; Fromberg, 1998, 2002 ; Frost et al. , 2001 ; Johnson et al. , 1999 ; Monighan-Nourot & A ; Van Hoorn, 1991 ; Piaget, 1962 ) . Isaacs ‘ ( 1933 ) claimed that, â€Å" Play is a kid ‘s life and the agencies by which he comes to understand the universe he lives in. † ( citied in Macintyre 2001, p. 3 ) .How does Play Impact Learning and Development in Young Children?Play contributes to school success in many ways ; research has showed that every competence of import to school success is enhanced by drama ( Isenberg & A ; Quisenberry, 2002 ; Singer, 2006 ) . In the research literature ( Singer et al. , 2006 ; Smilansky, 1990 ; Van Hoorn, Nourot, Scales & A ; Alward, 2007 ) , it has documented that there are connexions between the complexness of kids ‘s make-believe drama, early literacy, mathematical thought and job resolution. When kids are playing they have the chances to utilize their mental representations of the universe to associate to new objects, people and state of affairss which is the cardinal ability for the future academic acquisition. Physical, societal, emotional, rational, and linguistic communication development are all integrate in kids ‘s drama. Children have a natural motive to larn when they are engaged in the things they are interested ( Shonkoff & A ; Phillips, 2000 ) . Children will be able to develop constructs and skills together as they are integrated in the context of meaningful and playful experiences. For illustration, a four-year-old kid learns to compose the letters in her name, making so, she is besides larning the construct that each missive represents a sound, and she will be extremely motivated by the significance which is her ain name. Skills have limited value without constructs. Example, a kid who is able to number to five by rote, she will non hold the construct of five, unless she understands the measure represented ( 5 = five blocks ) . Children are more likely to retain the accomplishments and constructs they have learned in meaningful contexts. Concepts are developed through activities that occur of course during drama, such as numeration, screening, sequencing, foretelling, hypothesizing, and measuring. Learning through drama is an of import and natural procedure. Learning through drama introduces and Teachs new accomplishments with a happy, comfy and fun attack says Gale Kelleher, manager of Rainbow Nursery School in New York. Meghan McGinley Crowe, Executive Director of Literacy for Little Sprouts, explains that presenting new acquisition processes through playful activities in which kids are per se interested are of import. They keep kids ‘s attending and let them to easy perpetrate larning to long term memory. â€Å" Hands-on, playful larning experiences non merely construct involvement in the topic, but set off a kindergartners experiences in larning as positive, joy filled 1s which they will desire to go on for old ages to come † ( Crowe, 2009 ) . During playing, the kid will research their senses that help them in work outing jobs. For illustration, when a kid tries to suit a unit of ammunition block to the square hole but could n't suit it in. This will let the kid to believe and motivate the kid to happen another hole that can suit the unit of ammunition block. Once the kid found it, they will cognize that merely round hole can suit a unit of ammunition block. Not merely that, when playing, the kid can get all right and gross motor accomplishments. It will besides assist them concentrate, heighten their imaginativeness, and socialise with other kids.The Problem-solving ProcedureProblem resolution is to supply kids with a mechanism for doing good pick about how to react or move and respond in assorted state of affairss. When come to job resolution, it required clip, forbearance, energy and accomplishments. Once kids have get job work outing accomplishments, they become more confident and will be responsible in covering with day-to-day state of affairss. Harmonizing to Doescher ( 1995 ) and Loh ( 2002 ) the job work outing procedure aid kids to work out jobs and do better determination. They suggested parents, pedagogue and instructors to steer kids through the undermentioned stairss: Measure 1: To work out the job, foremost to allow kids cognize what a job is and how they can understand it. Adults may detect and garner information about the state of affairs in order to cognize their kids ‘s problem-solving abilities and to see whether kids are able to work out the job. Questions should be asked: â€Å" What is go oning? † and â€Å" What precisely do we necessitate to make? † Measure 2: Children need to place and specify the job or state of affairs in order to acquire good solution for the job. Once the job is clarified, promote kids to bring forth options, come out with possible solutions thoughts, inquiries and statements, illustration, â€Å" What can we make otherwise? † â€Å" Let ‘s see how many thoughts we can come up with? † and â€Å" Are at that place still more solutions we can believe of? † Measure 3: Discus with the kids the solutions to the job. Talk about the options suggestions and asked kids to notice on them. As this is a critical measure of learning job resolution, grownup can supply some simple solutions or different ways of work outing jobs. When kids reexamining the solutions to the job, they will be able to cognize and measure different solutions to different job. However, grownup must non make the kids ‘s work, allow the kids do it. From the kids ‘s suggestions and seeking their thoughts will be able to let kids to develop their concluding power apart from larning to work out the jobs? Measure 4: Aid kids to make up one's mind on a solution, let kids to test, adapt and research different solutions to the job. Childs have to take the solution which is agreeable to all. Therefore, it is besides appropriate to inquire proposal from each kid. â€Å" What do you believe of the suggestion? † â€Å" If we choose this thought, what do you believe will go on? † When seeking a solution, kids are taking charge of the job and kids need to expect the test solution may be feasible or non, and it can be changed if necessary. By researching and work outing job, it will assist kids to streamline their encephalon in a simple and wise mode. Measure 5: Aid kids to seek a different solution when needed. Sometimes kids need to discourse their job farther and this is the clip for grownup to measure the state of affairs and to come out with another solution. Adult can inquire inquiries ; explore solutions by inquiring thoughts from the kids. â€Å" How can you work out the job? † â€Å" What do you believe? † Children may do a batch of errors while larning to work out jobs and grownup should learn kids how to manage errors and most common bloopers. â€Å" Mistakes and bloopers are the foundation stones that will let kids work out jobs that they encounter in their life † ( Loh. 2002 ) . Therefore, grownup should promote kids to maintain seeking and finally they will be able to happen solution for the job. In Piaget ‘s theory, he has identified that kids move through four wide phases of development by which kids progress through them, each of which is characterized by a qualitatively distinguishable manner of thought. In detector motor phase, cognitive development begins with the babe ‘s usage of the senses and motions to research the universe. These action patterns evolve into the symbolic but unlogical thought of the kindergartners in the preoperational phase. Then knowledge is transformed into the more organized logical thinking of the school age kids in the concrete operational phase. Finally, in the formal operational phase, thought becomes the complex, abstract concluding system of the stripling and grownup. Harmonizing to Piaget, the development of the kids ‘s cognitive abilities will merely reflected in the growing of their powers of perceptual experience, linguistic communication, concluding and problem-solving abilities. If we observed closely at a really immature yearlings faces a job, they frequently merely shout ground being they do non cognize what else to make except shouting. By the age of two, kids will utilize memory as job work outing tool, kids will believe about the job, retrieve what he saw and so copy it. By three old ages old, kids will utilize their imaginativenesss when jobs arise, illustration if there is no helmet in the dramatic corner, the 3s will utilize a bowl and have on it inverted. The four old ages old are the adventuresome and they need some aid in concentrating the job. They are more patient and able to seek out different solutions by utilizing more vocabularies and besides ready to negociate with their equals ( Miller, 1996 ) . Children thrive on complex constructive undertakings that produce identifiable merchandises. Five and six twelvemonth olds peculiarly enjoy constructive drama with higher degrees of societal coaction.How does Play Enhance Cognitive Development?â₠¬Å" Children construct these exposures to new constructs through drama. Each playful experience builds the cognitive development of larning a new fact and perpetrating it to long term memory, † says Crowe ( 2009 ) . Cognitive development focuses on developing maps of the encephalon such as thought, acquisition, consciousness, judgement, and treating information. Harmonizing to developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, kids go through several phases of cognitive development and acquisition activities for yearlings and kids should match to the appropriate developmental ( Snuggs, 2008 ) . In footings of cognitive development, Piaget ‘s ( 1896-1980 ) believed that kids construct their ain apprehension through interacting with their environment and learned to accommodate to the universe. Adaptation which involves through the two procedures that normally happen at the same time, they are assimilation and adjustment. He defined assimilation which means the kid ‘s return in new things from the outside universe and tantrum into the already existing construction. The new rational stuffs which include thoughts, constructs, and points of position to suit into the bing constructions of our heads, in order for these new thoughts finally incorporated into our ain universe positions. Adjustment on the other manus, is the adjusting of the construction in reaction to the freshly incorporated stuff. Therefore, cognitive development involves an interaction between absorbing new facts to old cognition and suiting old cognition to new facts and the care of structural equilib ration ( Halford 1989 ) . Piaget further explained that without the pattern in drama context, the accomplishments that kids have would be loss. In order for kids to absorb information and explored the environment into their heads and assist kids to do sense of it is through drama. Play enable kids to larn work outing job, it help kids able to associate with their old acquisition and obtain new accomplishments, new constructs, able to happen ways to derive more cognition. Children act in an environment by manipulate with different stuffs, equipment-increased kids ‘s cognition. In Piaget ‘s theory, he has recognized that kids move through four wide phases of development, each of which is characterized by a qualitatively distinguishable manner of thought. In detector motor phase, cognitive development begins with the babe ‘s usage of the senses and motions to research the universe. These action patterns evolve into the symbolic but unlogical thought of the kindergartners in the preoperational phase. Then knowledge is transformed into the more organized logical thinking of the school age kids in the concrete operational phase. Finally, in the formal operational phase, thought becomes the complex, abstract concluding system of the stripling and grownup. Harmonizing to Piaget, the development of the kids ‘s cognitive abilities will merely reflected in the growing of their powers of perceptual experience, linguistic communication, co ncluding and problem-solving abilities. Piaget ( 1962 ) believed that kids are active scholars ; kids learn best from the activities they plan, carry out and reflect. Children would be after the activities they are interested in order to prosecute, derive direct experience and use logical believing to their job work outing accomplishments. Harmonizing to Piaget when kids are actively utilizing their head to seek for possible reply, work outing job is a critical facet because kids are mentally building assorted possibilities. In order for effectual acquisition to happen, active engagement is needed to let kids to pull strings stuffs during their acquisition so that they can research ‘what happens if.. ? ‘ Children will be chew overing over higher cognitive-level inquiries, which result them to dispute their thought and coerce them to use, analyze, synthesis or measure what they have learned. Active acquisition besides encourages kids to happen application and illustrations of the freshly learned constructs and brainstorming solutions to jobs ( Mclnerney & A ; Mclnerney 2008 ) . Researcher have besides conclude that kids who participate activity in dramatic drama which besides know as make-believe drama during the preschool old ages has a higher mark on the degrees of imaginativeness and creativeness and this enhance the ability of believing inventively ( Freyberg, 1973, Pepler & A ; Ross, 1981 ) . When kids engaged in dramatic drama or feign drama, they transform the object and actions symbolically. Bergen ‘s survey says that in make-believe drama, kids are practising dialogue, function pickings and job resolution. Vygotsky ‘s theory besides supported that when kids constructed new cognition through their drama, whether they are practising what they have learned in other scenes or they are building new cognition, it is clear that drama has a valuable function in the early childhood schoolroom. Jerome Bruner ( 1972 ) and Brian Sutton Smith ( 1967 ) both maintained that drama provides a comfy and relaxed ambiance in which kids can larn to work out a assortment of jobs. Subsequently, when kids are confronted with the more complex jobs of the existent universe, â€Å" the acquisition that took topographic point during drama is of great benefit to them. † ( Hughes, 2010 p.27 )DecisionThe term of job resolution is used in different signifiers in the literature and job work outing screens a assortment of countries which range from seting mystifiers together, to work out simple scientific discipline and arithmetic jobs, and besides â€Å" to the solution of mental, logical, societal, and mechanical jobs. † ( Bullock, 2000, p.24 ) . Research has found that when a kid is given a peculiar job to work out, the kid has to find the conditions, see the process and stairss taken to work out the job. Gagne ( 1970 ) considers that when a individual ‘s is work outing job, it involves the highest cognitive abilities of which 1 is capable. Young kids learn job work outing accomplishments largely through drama and job resolution is the foundation of a immature kid ‘s acquisition. Educator should value, promote and supply job work outing chances in the early childhood schoolroom. As job work outing occurs in the mundane context of a kid ‘s life, it is the best chances for kids to near jobs in different ways in order to work out them.

Budget Planning and Control Tootsie Roll Industries

Budget Planning and Control Tootsie Roll Industries About the company Tootsie Roll Industries is based in the United States and it deals with the production of food items that have high levels of Carbohydrates and sugar. The company was established in 1896 and it operates in the confectionery industry. Currently, it is a public company that trades on the New York Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol TR.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Budget Planning and Control: Tootsie Roll Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, the shares of the company are trading at $31.86 per share. Further, the company has a market capitalization of 2.0 billion. At the end of the year 2014, the total revenue of the company amounted to $544 million while the operating income totaled to $84 million, an equivalent of 15.4% of sales. The net income for the year amounted to $63 million. The total assets at the end of the year 2014 amounted to $910 million, while liabilities and equity amounted to $220 million and $691 million. A review of the balance sheet shows that the company has more equity than debt in the capital structure. A review of the trend of the performance of the company over the years shows that the performance of the company has improved. Finally, the company has engaged more than 2000 employees. The paper seeks to analyze various aspects of budgeting for Tootsie Roll Industries. Reasons for budgeting There are a number of reasons why companies need to prepare and manage budgets on a period basis. The first reason is that budgets enable the management to plan for the future (Brigham Michael, 2009). In this case, the budget aids the management in developing a direction for the entity. It also facilitates the development of future policies for the organization. Also under planning, budgets aid management in planning for problems that might arise in the future. Finally, as a way of planning for the organization, budgets helps the managem ent in setting standards that can control the use of available resources (Collier, 2010). The second reason why companies need to prepare budget is that it aids in delivering important information on matters that deal with the capabilities of resources. An example is that a cash budget gives information on the ability of the company to generate revenue and pay for expenses. Further, a budget encourages coordination across various departments and units because the plan for a specific period is communicated to various employees (Brigham Michael, 2009). This contributes to the achievement of the overall objective of the entity. Thus, if the company carries out proper budgeting, then it serves as an effective tool for planning and controlling (Brigham Michael, 2009). Positive outcome The positive outcomes that are likely to be reported when budgets are carried out effectively are reduced costs and improved profits. This is based on the fact that budgets aids in effective management of costs and this has a positive impact on the performance of the company. As a result, the elements in the budget will be equivocal to achievement of the intentions of a company. Besides, the company will be able to track different budget performance matrices over a specified period of time.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Negative outcome The negative outcomes that are likely to be reported when budgets are carried out effectively are resource misuse and inability to track different parameters of performance of a specified period in a company. If budgeting is not done effectively, then there is likely to be misuse of resources since budget controls resource allocation and use in a company (Graham, Smart, Meggison, 2010). This will lead to poor working capital management and low level of sales. This may translate into poor performance since misusing resour ces cannot translate into efficiency. Therefore, it is important for the company to carry out planning for all financial years. Budget plan The company needs to come up with a comprehensive budget plan because it is involved in the production and sale of its products. Therefore, the high-level budget will capture the two aspects of the business and it gives strict control on spending (Brigham Michael, 2009). Thus, the high-level budget plan for the company is summarized in the table below. The plan above brings together all the aspects of the organization in one budget. It ensures that several employees are involved in planning and control of resources. Budgeting phases Budget preparation goes through four distinct phases. The first phase is budget preparation. This stage is quite critical because the resources available in the organization are reviewed to ascertain whether they can enable the company to achieve the desired goals and objectives (Brigham Michael, 2009). The phase is the approval of the budget while the third phase is executing the budget. The final stage is evaluating the budget. This stage ensures that resources are spent in accordance with the budget (Atrill, 2009). All these phases are critical because they ensure that the budgeting process is successful.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Budget Planning and Control: Tootsie Roll Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methods and techniques of managing budgets Methods managing budgets The first technique of managing budgets is by preparing flexible budgets. These are budget relationships that can be adjusted to various levels of activities. This technique is suitable for performance management (Atrill, 2009). The second technique is by managing variances by exception. These variances can cause significant variations on the results. Managing variances is a technique that ensures that the company stays within th e budget (Hansen, Mowen, Guan, 2009). Techniques of managing budgets The first method of managing budget is drawing parallel budgets from which the most effective budget is picked. This method is necessary in minimize possible risks as a result of dynamics that might affect projections in a single fixed budget (Graham, Smart, Meggison, 2010). The second method of managing budgets is creating a matrix for balancing the actual and projected figures to ensure that the funds allocated for each function are spent within the acceptable degree of variation (Atrill, 2009). Action plan to resolve budget misalignment Flexibility is often compromised in companies facing uncertainty. In real sense, there should be a balancing system that is critical in improving leadership skills, evaluation skills, promoting creativity, and tracking goals (Graham, Smart, Meggison, 2010). Therefore, the basis for flexibility implementation should function on a comprehensive analysis of how budget monitors an y change in variance from expected outcome to facilitate work-life balance in a project (Brigham Michael, 2009). The concept should remain relevant even during economic downturn since an ideal tracker has a moderator within Pareto efficiency matrix (Arnold, 2008). Recommendations for resolving budget misalignments Managing variances by exception This is achieved through variance analysis to resolve budget misalignment. Variance analysis focuses on the difference between the actual and budgeted amounts. It analyzes the total variance between standard and actual result (Graham, Smart, Meggison, 2010). Variances can either be favorable or unfavorable. Variance analysis has a number of advantages. First, it helps in performance management. This is because the management uses results of variance analysis to measure performance against expected results. Secondly, variance analysis improves responsible accounting. Finally, variance analysis encourages management by exemption, that is, ma nagement puts a lot of emphasis on areas with adverse variances (Atrill, 2009). The rationale for this technique is the ability to track the variances that might be detected in budget implementation to ensure that these variations do not affect the overall outcome (Brigham Michael, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Preparing flexible budgets In line with the main objective to determine the forecast density closest to actual value, it is of essence to resonate upon the principles of relative performance of different competing forecast densities as part of the cost reduction system. In computing this, higher scores are given more priority since they are prone to give positive values. Besides, this model distributes higher probability to values observed (Graham, Smart, Meggison, 2010). From the different densities realized and those forecasted, the sequences of observed results on densities of return are compared from the base line of an average score. Subsequently, in line with the accuracy of equal forecast, the loss differential is expected to be minimal (Brigham Michael, 2009). The rationale for this technique is that the parameters and variables used are aligned to ensure that threshold on model-independent is achieved within competing parameters (Graham, Smart, Meggison, 2010). Thus, thi s is the most appropriate benchmarking for managing a budget. References Arnold, G. (2008). Corporate financial management. New York, NY: Pearson Publishers. Atrill, P. (2009). Financial management for decision makers. New York, NY: Pearson Publishers. Brigham, E., Michael, J. (2009). Financial management theory and practice. New York, NY: South-Western Cengage Learning. Collier, P. (2010). Accounting for managers. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Graham, J., Smart, S., Meggison, W. (2010). Corporate finance: linking theory to what companies do. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Hansen, R., Mowen, M., Guan, L. (2009). Cost management: accounting control. New York, NY: South Western Cengage Learning.

Tempest a look at reality and

Tempest a look at reality and Gonzalo states: "We are people of our own minds and no one else's," by this Gonzalo is telling everyone that no one can control what someone sees or does. This is true unless one is using magic to alter the minds and reality of anyone under the influence of magic. In the Tempest, by William Shakespeare, Prospero uses magic to alter the reality and delude the minds of characters. Love or guilt is a form of magic that naturally occurs in one's life. Prospero creates another magic that is placed in the audience's mind when he asks them to become the master magicians.Alonso and Gonzalo's minds are deluded by Prospero's spells to make them unaware of what is happening around them or aware of something out of the ordinary, and Caliban is affected by Prospero's spells physically. Gonzalo sees the things happening around him through a new prespective because of the spell that makes him see everything in a good light.English: Prospero and Ariel (from Shakespeare's Th...Because of this spell G onzalo states that their clothes are better than new, and that they are not stained with salt water. Gonzalo also brings up that the island is in excellent shape and is adequate for living on. Antonio and Sebastian tell Gonzalo he is lying about the clothes and the island being in such fantastic shape. They tell him this because they are not affected by the spell that Gonzalo is under. Spells don't always affect a person directly, but it still makes a person see their reality in a different perspective. Alonso is fooled by Prospero's magic too, but it is not directly aimed towards Alonso. Because of the magic that put Ferdinand in a glen where no one could see him; Alonso thinks that Ferdinand drowned at sea. Alonso...

Causes and Consequences of high Staff Turnover Levels in the Retail Essay

Causes and Consequences of high Staff Turnover Levels in the Retail Industry - Essay Example where this phenomenon is clearer, but the fact is that the high staff turnover level has become a common problem in most organizations while the efforts made should be characterized as rather inadequate. Specifically for the retail sector, the high staff turnover level can be explained by the severe turbulences that characterize the relevant market, which can lead to a series of negative outcomes for the companies that operate in this area. In this context, high staff turnover level in the retail sector should be regarded as an expected outcome if taking into account the series of problems of the specific industry which are being represented mostly by several failures regarding the initiatives and the decisions made by the companies’ human resources department. The particular topic has been chosen because of its importance in the operation of commercial markets internationally. More specifically, staff turnover has been found to be related with the business performance (as it will be analyzed in the sections that follow). From this view, staff turnover can also influence the performance of a whole industrial sector in case that the phenomenon is expanded to many firms of a specific sector or just to one which is considered to be the ‘indicator of stability’ in its market. Furthermore, the particular topic has been chosen because of its importance for the employees in the various industries of modern commercial markets. The main objective of current dissertation is the examination of the factors that influence the staff turnover in the retail industry as well as the parameters that can lead to an increase of the turnover in the long term. On the other hand, the consequences of the high staff turnover in the retail industry are also being examined in order to formulate secure results regarding the appearance and the development of the relevant phenomenon in modern commercial markets. It has to be noticed that current paper examines a variety of issues related

Interrelationship of the Post-Conflict Resolution Tools Essay

Interrelationship of the Post-Conflict Resolution Tools - Essay Example History cites such evolutional wars as the First World War, Second World War and the Cold War among many others as having erupted from such differences in territorial power, economic empowerment and also political or military endowment of the incumbent countries. Conflict resolution and post conflict reconstruction have been cited as major efforts that characterize humanity in the event of a war or a conflict. Whenever a conflict arises, it is common sense for efforts to be made towards solving the conflict and possibly assuming peaceful relations between the conflicting parties be it nations, regions or even individuals. Conflict resolution is therefore said to be the mechanisms or efforts that are employed to minimize negative effects of a conflict while at the same time increasing the possible positive effects of the same conflict. Therefore, this means that a conflict always brings about both positive effects as well as negative effects. Different tools of conflict resolution hav e been in use over decades in the process of settling disputes that result in the conflicts. These tools are; political, military and /or economic tools. These tools are used at proximity with some of the tools being the best suited over a specific conflict over the others and others being far and least efficient in solving some types of conflicts. However, there are times that interplay of the different tools of conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction is best suited. Parties involved such are countries, regions or persons employ economic, political as well as military power to get to the solution of the issues that have caused the differences. In particular, the cold war of late 1940’s to 1990’s have seen the common play of the different tools as mentioned to realize solution to the conflict and reconstruction of the affected countries and regions after solution was found. Nevertheless, common questions as to what extent the different tools of resolution have been used in regard to the post-cold war are interconnected and their success in the purpose intended remains a critical subject of discussion. Moreover, discussions still rage in fire as to whether the tools have been more effective since the cold war or not. If yes, our study wills to justify why and if not then the study will equally find the reasons. Discussion Conflict resolution has been defined as mechanisms that are put in place not to avoid conflicts but rather the mechanisms that minimize the negative effects of the conflict while maximizing the positives resultant from such a conflict. The solutions that are sought as well as the means through which they are sought are considered in terms of being against dominance, oppression, exploitation and violence. The satisfaction of public needs for security, self-determination, identity and the quality of life among other basic needs must be realized in the mechanisms adopted for conflict resolution (Samson Et al, 1-3). Ther e are basic principles that govern conflict resolution tools and approaches. These include but are not limited to: integrative solutions, cooperative endeavor, non-violent mechanisms and proper understanding of all parties involved. While trying to get to the route genesis of the cold war, it is good for